GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI releases a model its president says may be seen as the arrival of general intelligence, the first it rates 'critical' for cybersecurity; it is the newest event on this timeline.
what had to happen · 60 events back to 1943
Every event this one built on, transitively, in order. Direct influences are marked.
00 · One neuron · 1
I · Foundations · 11
- 1948A mathematical theory of communication
- 1949Cells that fire together wire together
- 1950Programming a computer for playing chess
- 1950Computing machinery and intelligence
- 1958The perceptron learns
- 1959Samuel's checkers program coins 'machine learning'
- 1960ADALINE and the least-mean-squares rule
- 1965Moore's law
- 1966ELIZA
- 1969Perceptrons
- 1970Reverse-mode automatic differentiation
W1 · The first winter · 2
II · Connection · 3
W2 · The second winter · 6
III · Statistics and data · 9
IV · Deep learning · 11
V · Transformers · 8
VI · Everyone · 6
- 2022InstructGPT
- 2022Chain-of-thought prompting
- 2022ChatGPT
- 2023GPT-4
- 2024GPT-4o talks
- 2024o1 and reasoning models
VII · Agents · 3
- 2025GPT-5
- 2026GPT-5.6: Sol, Terra and Lunadirect
- 2026A model escapes its sandboxdirect
GPT-6 Astra was released on 3 September 2026 to organisations in OpenAI's Daybreak access programme, with general availability the following day and a price of ten dollars per million input tokens and fifty per million output, two and a half times its predecessor. It was positioned as the flagship for long, multi-step work across coding, computer use, analysis, science, mathematics and healthcare. Greg Brockman called it a generational leap and said it might eventually be seen as the arrival of artificial general intelligence, a claim the company had avoided making for a decade.
It was also the first model OpenAI designated as reaching the critical threshold for cybersecurity under its preparedness framework, meaning it could find and exploit unknown vulnerabilities in well-defended systems without step-by-step guidance. After the July incident, in which the previous model had done roughly that in a test, the release was delayed to add monitoring for risky actions, and the company said on 1 September that the threshold had been confirmed before it shipped.
Astra is the last event on this timeline at the time of writing, eighty-three years after McCulloch and Pitts drew a neuron as a switch. The organism on this page is as dense as it gets here, and the backward pass begins.
what it led to · 0 events downstream
A leaf, for now. Nothing in the archive has built on it yet.